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Members of the animal welfare science community , which includes both scientists and philosophers, have illegitimately appropriated the concept of animal welfare by claiming to have given a scientific account of it that is more objectively valid than the more sentimental  account given by animal liberationists. This strategy has been used to argue for merely limited reform in the use of animals. This strategy was initially employed as a way of sympathetically  responding to the abolitionist claims of anti-vivisectionists, who objected to the use of animals in research. It was subsequently used by farm animal scientists. The primarily reformist (as opposed to abolitionist) goals of this community make the false assumption that there are conditions under which animals may be raised and slaughtered for food or used as models in scientific research that are ethically acceptable. The tendency of the animal welfare science community is to accept this assumption as their framework of inquiry, and thus to discount certain practices as harmful to the interests of the animals that they affect. For example, animal welfare is conceptualized is such a way that death does not count as harmful to the interests of animal, nor prolonged life a benefit.

Animal welfare. --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Philosophy --- Systematics of Philosophy --- Ethics, Bioethics. --- Animal welfare --- 590.2 --- dierenwelzijn (lt) --- dier (lt) --- ethiek (lt) --- Abuse of animals --- Animal cruelty --- Animals --- Animals, Cruelty to --- Animals, Protection of --- Animals, Treatment of --- Cruelty to animals --- Humane treatment of animals --- Kindness to animals --- Mistreatment of animals --- Neglect of animals --- Prevention of cruelty to animals --- Protection of animals --- Treatment of animals --- Welfare, Animal --- Abuse of --- Social aspects --- Animal care Committees --- Animals, laboratory --- Animals, domestic --- history --- ethics

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orgaantransplantatie --- IVF (in vitrofertilisatie) --- Jehova's Getuigen --- ethische commissie --- transseksualiteit --- kunstmatige inseminatie --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- medische ethiek --- Medical law --- AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) --- Ethique médicale --- Medische ethiek --- #GGSB: Bio-ethiek --- Ethics Committees. --- Ethics, Medical. --- 174.2 --- C1 --- ethiek --- geneeskunde [medisch] --- ziekenhuis --- 241.63*2 --- 614.253 --- Medical ethics --- Academic collection --- 614.29 --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- commissie voor medische ethiek (ethisch comité, CME) --- abortus provocatus --- arts-patiënt relatie --- beroepsgeheim --- embryologie --- euthanasie --- in-vitrofertilisatie --- palliatieve zorgen --- patiëntenbegeleiding --- patiëntenrecht --- privacy --- therapeutische hardnekkigheid --- transplantaties --- ziekenhuisbeleid --- Medical Ethics --- Medicine --- Professionalism --- Bioethics --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Regional Ethics Committees --- Institutional Ethics Committees --- Committee, Ethics --- Committee, Institutional Ethics --- Committee, Regional Ethics --- Committees, Ethics --- Committees, Institutional Ethics --- Committees, Regional Ethics --- Ethics Committee --- Ethics Committee, Institutional --- Ethics Committee, Regional --- Ethics Committees, Institutional --- Ethics Committees, Regional --- Institutional Ethics Committee --- Regional Ethics Committee --- Advisory Committees --- Ethical Review --- Animal Care Committees --- Beroepsmoraal van de artsen. Medische beroepsethiek --- Kerken en religie --- Theologische ethiek: medische ethiek: dokter; verpleegster; ziekenhuis --- Relations of doctors with colleagues, with patients. Medical ethics --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- comité d'éthique médicale (comité d'éthique, CEM) --- ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medical ethics. --- Medische ethiek. --- 614.253 Relations of doctors with colleagues, with patients. Medical ethics --- 241.63*2 Theologische ethiek: medische ethiek: dokter; verpleegster; ziekenhuis --- 174.2 Beroepsmoraal van de artsen. Medische beroepsethiek --- Ethics Committees --- Bio-ethiek

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Medicine --- Medical ethics committees --- Medical ethics --- Bioethics --- Bioethics. --- Medical ethics. --- Medical ethics committees. --- Ethics, Research. --- Ethical Review. --- Research --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Great Britain. --- Ethical Review --- Review, Ethical --- Health care ethics committees --- Healthcare ethics committees --- Hospital ethics committees --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Biology --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Anglia --- Angliyah --- Briṭanyah --- Grande-Bretagne --- Grossbritannien --- Marea Britanie --- Nagy-Britannia --- Prydain Fawr --- Royaume-Uni --- Saharātchaʻānāčhak --- Storbritannien --- United Kingdom --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Velikobritanii︠a︡ --- Wielka Brytania --- Ethics Committees. --- Peer Review --- Ethics Committees --- Research Ethics --- Human Experimentation --- Animal Experimentation --- Embryo Research --- Fetal Research --- Regional Ethics Committees --- Institutional Ethics Committees --- Committee, Ethics --- Committee, Institutional Ethics --- Committee, Regional Ethics --- Committees, Ethics --- Committees, Institutional Ethics --- Committees, Regional Ethics --- Ethics Committee --- Ethics Committee, Institutional --- Ethics Committee, Regional --- Ethics Committees, Institutional --- Ethics Committees, Regional --- Institutional Ethics Committee --- Regional Ethics Committee --- Advisory Committees --- Animal Care Committees --- Ethics committees --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Science --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- ethics --- Northern Ireland --- Scotland --- Wales --- Great Britain --- England and Wales --- Velikobritanii͡ --- Arts and Humanities --- General and Others --- Förenade kungariket --- Grã-Bretanha --- Igirisu --- Iso-Britannia --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Ethics, Research --- research ethics --- scientific integrity --- ethical review --- research conduct --- General ethics --- Health Workforce

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This book covers the new field of healthcare organization ethics from theory to practical application. It can be used as a text for courses on the subject, as a reference for those interested in the present status of the field, and as a practical guide for healthcare executives, clinicians and committee members who are beginning to develop an organizational ethics program for their institution.

Managed care plans (Medical care) --- Medical ethics --- Corporate culture --- Codes of Ethics --- Ethics, Institutional --- Health Facilities --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics, Clinical --- Ethics Committees --- Ethics, Professional --- Organization and Administration --- Ethical Analysis --- Managed Care Programs --- Organizational Culture --- Social Values --- Health Facility Administration --- Ethics, Medical --- Ethics --- Insurance, Health --- Delivery of Health Care --- Professional Staff Committees --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Psychology, Social --- Bioethics --- Guidelines as Topic --- Health Services Administration --- Health Care --- Professional Practice --- Philosophy --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Insurance --- Humanities --- Patient Care Management --- Quality Assurance, Health Care --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Quality of Health Care --- Financing, Organized --- Economics --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Medical Care Plans --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Community Financing --- Grants --- Organized Financing --- Financing, Community --- Grant --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Qualities --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Health Care Quality Assessment --- Health Care Quality Assurance --- Healthcare Quality Assessment --- Healthcare Quality Assurance --- Quality Assessment, Healthcare --- Quality Assurance, Healthcare --- Quality Assessment, Health Care --- Assessment, Healthcare Quality --- Assessments, Healthcare Quality --- Assurance, Healthcare Quality --- Assurances, Healthcare Quality --- Healthcare Quality Assessments --- Healthcare Quality Assurances --- Quality Assessments, Healthcare --- Quality Assurances, Healthcare --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Indemnity --- Insurance Premiums --- Insurance Premium --- Premium, Insurance --- Premiums, Insurance --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Practice, Professional --- Practices, Professional --- Professional Practices --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Guidelines as Topics --- Biomedical Ethics --- Health Care Ethics --- Ethics, Biomedical --- Ethics, Health Care --- Ethicists --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Committee, Professional Staff --- Committees, Professional Staff --- Professional Staff Committee --- Staff Committee, Professional --- Staff Committees, Professional --- Hospital Administration --- Group Health Insurance --- Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, Voluntary --- Health Insurance, Group --- Insurance, Group Health --- Insurance, Voluntary Health --- Voluntary Health Insurance --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Medical Ethics --- Medicine --- Professionalism --- Administration, Health Facility --- Facility Administration, Health --- Value Orientation --- Values, Social --- Value Orientations --- Value of Life --- Virtues --- Social Norms --- Corporate Culture --- Corporate Cultures --- Culture, Corporate --- Culture, Organizational --- Cultures, Corporate --- Cultures, Organizational --- Organizational Cultures --- Safety Management --- Managed Care --- Case Management, Insurance --- Insurance Case Management --- Managed Health Care Insurance Plans --- Care, Managed --- Managed Care Program --- Management, Insurance Case --- Program, Managed Care --- Programs, Managed Care --- Cost Sharing --- Case Management --- Risk Sharing, Financial --- Analysis, Ethical --- Analyses, Ethical --- Ethical Analyses --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- Professional Misconduct --- Regional Ethics Committees --- Institutional Ethics Committees --- Committee, Ethics --- Committee, Institutional Ethics --- Committee, Regional Ethics --- Committees, Ethics --- Committees, Institutional Ethics --- Committees, Regional Ethics --- Ethics Committee --- Ethics Committee, Institutional --- Ethics Committee, Regional --- Ethics Committees, Institutional --- Ethics Committees, Regional --- Institutional Ethics Committee --- Regional Ethics Committee --- Advisory Committees --- Ethical Review --- Animal Care Committees --- Clinical Ethics --- Clinical Medicine --- Ethics Consultation --- Clinical Ethics Committee --- Clinical Ethics Committees --- Committee, Clinical Ethics --- Committee, Hospital Ethics --- Committees, Clinical Ethics --- Committees, Hospital Ethics --- Ethics Committee, Clinical --- Ethics Committee, Hospital --- Ethics Committees, Hospital --- Hospital Ethics Committee --- Hospital Ethics Committees --- Facilities, Health --- Facility, Health --- Health Facility --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Managed care programs (Medical care) --- Managed care systems (Medical care) --- Managed health care --- Plans, Managed care (Medical care) --- Programs, Managed care (Medical care) --- Systems, Managed care (Medical care) --- Health insurance --- Health Facility Ethics --- Hospital Ethics --- Institutional Ethics --- Institutional Obligations --- Ethics, Health Facility --- Ethics, Hospital --- Ethics, Organizational --- Organizational Ethics --- Ethic, Health Facility --- Ethic, Hospital --- Ethic, Institutional --- Ethic, Organizational --- Facility Ethic, Health --- Facility Ethics, Health --- Health Facility Ethic --- Hospital Ethic --- Institutional Ethic --- Institutional Obligation --- Obligation, Institutional --- Obligations, Institutional --- Organizational Ethic --- Ethics, Business --- Code of Ethics --- Codes of Professional Ethics --- Ethical Directives --- Ethical Codes --- Ethical Oaths --- Code, Ethical --- Codes, Ethical --- Directive, Ethical --- Directives, Ethical --- Ethical Code --- Ethical Directive --- Ethical Oath --- Ethics Code --- Ethics Code, Professional --- Ethics Codes --- Ethics Codes, Professional --- Oath, Ethical --- Oaths, Ethical --- Professional Ethics Code --- Professional Ethics Codes --- Institutional culture --- Organizational culture --- Corporations --- Organizational behavior --- Business anthropology --- organization & administration --- ethics --- Sociological aspects --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- ethiek (ethische aspecten) --- gezondheidszorgbeleid --- zorgethiek (ethiek van de zorg, zorgrelatie) --- #GBIB:CBMER --- 174.5 --- 174.5 Economische ethiek. Speculatie --- Economische ethiek. Speculatie --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- ethique (aspects ethiques) --- politique des soins de santé --- éthique des soins --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- Ethics, Medical. --- Organizational Culture. --- Health Facility Administration. --- Medical ethics. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- organization & administration.

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Fetus --- Sociology --- Humanism --- Patient Rights --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic --- Jurisprudence --- Biomedical Research --- Ethics --- Ethics, Clinical --- Investigative Techniques --- Embryonic Structures --- Professional Staff Committees --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Reproduction --- Health Occupations --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Humanities --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Quality Assurance, Health Care --- Social Sciences --- Human Rights --- Professional Practice --- Ethics, Professional --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Research --- Social Control, Formal --- Anatomy --- Science --- Philosophy --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Organization and Administration --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Quality of Health Care --- Public Health --- Health Care --- Behavioral Sciences --- Health Services Administration --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Environment and Public Health --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Phenomena and Processes --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Ethics Committees --- Ethics Committees, Research --- Informed Consent --- Ethics, Medical --- Feminism --- Fetal Research --- Sociology, Medical --- Pregnancy --- Obstetric Surgical Procedures --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Gynecology & Obstetrics --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Physiology, Reproductive and Urinary --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomena --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Proxemics --- Behavioral Science --- Proxemic --- Science, Behavioral --- Sciences, Behavioral --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Clinical Ethics --- Clinical Medicine --- Ethicists --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics Consultation --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medical Research --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Animals, Laboratory --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Study Characteristic, Epidemiologic --- Study Characteristics, Epidemiologic --- Critique --- Evaluation Indexes --- Evaluation Methodology --- Evaluation Report --- Evaluation Research --- Methodology, Evaluation --- Pre-Post Tests --- Qualitative Evaluation --- Quantitative Evaluation --- Theoretical Effectiveness --- Use-Effectiveness --- Critiques --- Effectiveness, Theoretical --- Evaluation Methodologies --- Evaluation Reports --- Evaluation, Qualitative --- Evaluation, Quantitative --- Evaluations, Qualitative --- Evaluations, Quantitative --- Indexes, Evaluation --- Methodologies, Evaluation --- Pre Post Tests --- Pre-Post Test --- Qualitative Evaluations --- Quantitative Evaluations --- Report, Evaluation --- Reports, Evaluation --- Research, Evaluation --- Test, Pre-Post --- Tests, Pre-Post --- Use Effectiveness --- Patient's Rights --- Patients' Rights --- Right to Treatment --- Patient Right --- Patient's Right --- Patients Rights --- Patients' Right --- Right to Treatments --- Right, Patient --- Right, Patient's --- Right, Patients' --- Rights, Patient --- Rights, Patient's --- Rights, Patients' --- Treatment, Right to --- Treatments, Right to --- Patient Advocacy --- Truth Disclosure --- Bioethical Issues --- General Social Development and Population --- Foetus --- Unborn child --- Embryology --- Obstetric Surgical Procedure --- Obstetrical Surgery --- Obstetrical Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Obstetric Surgical --- Procedures, Obstetric Surgical --- Surgery, Obstetric --- Surgical Procedure, Obstetric --- Surgical Procedures, Obstetric --- Obstetric Surgeries --- Obstetric Surgery --- Obstetrical Surgeries --- Obstetrical Surgical Procedure --- Procedure, Obstetrical Surgical --- Procedures, Obstetrical Surgical --- Surgeries, Obstetric --- Surgeries, Obstetrical --- Surgery, Obstetrical --- Surgical Procedure, Obstetrical --- Surgical Procedures, Obstetrical --- Obstetrics --- Gestation --- Pregnancies --- Litter Size --- Maternal-Fetal Relations --- Pregnant Women --- Sociology of Medicine --- Medical Sociology --- Fetal Experimentation --- Fetal Cell Research --- Fetal Tissue Research --- Cell Research, Fetal --- Experimentation, Fetal --- Research, Fetal --- Research, Fetal Cell --- Research, Fetal Tissue --- Human Experimentation --- Fetal Tissue Transplantation --- Ethics, Research --- Feminist Ethics --- Ethics, Feminist --- Women's Rights --- Medical Ethics --- Professionalism --- Bioethics --- Fetal Tissue --- Fetuses --- Mummified Fetus --- Retained Fetus --- Fetal Structures --- Fetal Structure --- Fetal Tissues --- Fetus, Mummified --- Fetus, Retained --- Structure, Fetal --- Structures, Fetal --- Tissue, Fetal --- Tissues, Fetal --- Embryo, Mammalian --- Consent, Informed --- Treatment Refusal --- Mental Competency --- Disclosure --- Therapeutic Misconception --- Board, Institutional Review --- Boards, Institutional Review --- Ethics Committee, Research --- IRB --- IRBs --- Institutional Review Board --- Research Ethics Committee --- Research Ethics Committees --- Review Board, Institutional --- Review Boards, Institutional --- Institutional Review Boards --- Committee, Research Ethics --- Committees, Research Ethics --- Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees --- Regional Ethics Committees --- Institutional Ethics Committees --- Committee, Ethics --- Committee, Institutional Ethics --- Committee, Regional Ethics --- Committees, Ethics --- Committees, Institutional Ethics --- Committees, Regional Ethics --- Ethics Committee --- Ethics Committee, Institutional --- Ethics Committee, Regional --- Ethics Committees, Institutional --- Ethics Committees, Regional --- Institutional Ethics Committee --- Regional Ethics Committee --- Advisory Committees --- Ethical Review --- Animal Care Committees --- Clinical Trial as Topic --- Clinical Protocols --- Drug Evaluation --- Drugs, Investigational --- Therapies, Investigational --- Reproductive Physiologic Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive Physiological Process --- Reproductive Physiological Concepts --- Concept, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concept, Reproductive Physiological --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomena, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomenon, Reproductive Physiological --- Physiologic Concept, Reproductive --- Physiologic Concepts, Reproductive --- Physiological Concept, Reproductive --- Physiological Process, Reproductive --- Physiological Processes, Reproductive --- Process, Reproductive Physiological --- Processes, Reproductive Physiological --- Reproductive Physiologic Concept --- Reproductive Physiological Concept --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Sciences --- Anatomies --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Embryos --- Embryo --- Prenatal Structures --- Embryonic Structure --- Prenatal Structure --- Structure, Embryonic --- Structure, Prenatal --- Structures, Embryonic --- Structures, Prenatal --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanisms --- Evaluation Mechanism, Healthcare --- Evaluation Mechanisms, Healthcare --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanism --- Mechanism, Healthcare Evaluation --- Mechanisms, Healthcare Evaluation --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- Professional Misconduct --- Practice, Professional --- Practices, Professional --- Professional Practices --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Health Care Quality Assessment --- Health Care Quality Assurance --- Healthcare Quality Assessment --- Healthcare Quality Assurance --- Quality Assessment, Healthcare --- Quality Assurance, Healthcare --- Quality Assessment, Health Care --- Assessment, Healthcare Quality --- Assessments, Healthcare Quality --- Assurance, Healthcare Quality --- Assurances, Healthcare Quality --- Healthcare Quality Assessments --- Healthcare Quality Assurances --- Quality Assessments, Healthcare --- Quality Assurances, Healthcare --- Epidemiologic Method --- Epidemiological Methods --- Methods, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiological Method --- Method, Epidemiologic --- Method, Epidemiological --- Methods, Epidemiological --- Epidemiology --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Occupations --- Human Reproductive Index --- Human Reproductive Indexes --- Reproductive Period --- Human Reproductive Indices --- Index, Human Reproductive --- Indexes, Human Reproductive --- Indices, Human Reproductive --- Period, Reproductive --- Periods, Reproductive --- Reproductive Index, Human --- Reproductive Indices, Human --- Reproductive Periods --- Ghost Surgery --- Operative Procedures --- Operative Surgical Procedure --- Operative Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Operative Surgical --- Procedures, Operative Surgical --- Surgery, Ghost --- Surgical Procedure, Operative --- Surgical Procedures --- Operative Procedure --- Procedure, Operative --- Procedure, Surgical --- Procedures, Operative --- Procedures, Surgical --- Surgical Procedure --- General Surgery --- Committee, Professional Staff --- Committees, Professional Staff --- Professional Staff Committee --- Staff Committee, Professional --- Staff Committees, Professional --- Hospital Administration --- Social aspects --- Surgery --- Moral and ethical aspects --- organization & administration --- ethics --- methods --- Epidemiologic Study Characteristics. --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. --- Psychology --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Diagnostic Testing --- Testing, Diagnostic --- Diagnosis --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Vocations --- Occupation --- Vocation --- Occupational Groups